Effect of nanoclay-treated uf resin on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood manufactured with wood from tropical fast growth plantations

Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated on cross-laminated panels (plywood) fabricated with three plantation species (Cordia alliodora, Gmelina arborea and Vochysia ferruginea) from tropical climates in Costa Rica. The panels were glued with urea-formaldehyde resin modified with nanoclay at four concentrations (0,75; 1,00; 1,50 and 2,00 %) and unmodified resin. It was determined that addition of nanoclay to urea-formaldehyde adhesive positively decreased moisture absorption and swelling of the plywood panel with statistical significance. However, nano-modification did not have a significant effect on the density and specific weight of plywood. Nano-modification of ureaformaldehyde resin with nanoclay at 0,75 % improved the Module of rupture and Modulus of elasticity in flexure parallel to surface in the three species, also increasing mechanical resistance to strains in parallel tension, shear and compression. By means of electronic microscopy, it was evidenced that the nano-modified adhesive became diffused at the inside of the cellular structure of wood in a better way, allowing for the generation of a transition zone that increased the mechanical properties at the macro level. According to the properties evaluated, it was determined that 0,75 % is the optimal percentage to use of nanoclay on urea-formaldehyde resin.